Modern welding technology

Modern welding technology has been able to weld welds with no internal or external defects and mechanical properties equal to or even higher than those of the connected body.The mutual position of the welded body in space is called the welded joint. The strength of the joint is not only affected by the quality of the weld, but also related to its geometric shape, size, stress and working conditions.The basic forms of the joint are butt joint, lap joint, T-joint (handover) and Angle joint, etc.

The shape of the cross section of the butt joint weld is determined by the thickness of the body to be welded before welding and the groove form of the two joints.When welding thick steel plates, various shapes of grooves are cut out at the edges to weld through, so as to easily feed the electrode or wire.The groove form has a single welding groove and two welding groove.When choosing the groove form, in addition to ensuring weld penetration, the factors such as convenient welding, less filling metal, small welding deformation and low groove processing cost should also be considered.

When the two steel plates of different thickness are butted together, in order to avoid the severe stress concentration caused by the sharp change of section, the thicker plate edge is often gradually thinned to the same thickness at the two joints.The static and fatigue strength of butt joints is higher than that of other joints.Butt joint welding is usually preferred in connection under alternating and impact loads or in low temperature and high pressure vessels.

The preparation work of lap joint before welding is simple, the assembly is convenient, the welding deformation and the residual stress are small, so it is often used in the site to install the joint and the unimportant structure.In general, lap joints are not suitable for operating under alternating loads, corrosive media, high or low temperatures, etc.

The use of T-joints and corner joints is usually due to structural needs.The operating characteristics of an unpenetrated fillet weld on a T-joint are similar to those of a lap joint.When the weld is perpendicular to the direction of external force, it becomes a front fillet weld, and then the weld surface shape will cause different degree of stress concentration.The force of fillet weld through welding is similar to that of butt joint.

Angle joint bearing capacity is low, generally not used alone, only in the penetration, or in both the inside and outside of the fillet weld can be improved, mostly used for closed shape structure of the corner.

Welded products are lighter than rivets, castings and forgings, which can reduce self-weight and save energy for transportation vehicles.Good sealing of welding, suitable for manufacture of all kinds of containers.By developing joint processing technology, welding, forging and casting can be combined to produce large, economical and reasonable casting and welding structures, and the economic benefits are very high.The use of welding technology can effectively use materials, welding structure can be used in different parts of the different performance of the material, give full play to the advantages of various materials, to achieve economic, high quality.Welding has become an indispensable and increasingly important process method in modern industry.

In modern metal processing, welding technology developed later than casting and forging technology, but the speed of development is very fast.The weight of welded structures accounts for about 45% of steel production, and the proportion of aluminum and aluminum alloy welded structures is also increasing.

The future welding process, on the one hand, to develop new welding methods, welding equipment and welding materials, in order to further improve the quality and safety of welding reliability, such as improving the existing arc, plasma arc, electron beam, laser and other welding energy;Using electronic technology and control technology to improve the process performance of arc, a reliable and light arc tracking method is developed.

On the other hand, to improve the level of welding mechanization and automation, such as welding machine to achieve program control, digital control;Develop a special welding machine from the preparation process, welding to the whole process of quality control automation;In the automatic welding production line, the popularization and expansion of numerical control welding manipulator and welding robot can improve the welding production level and improve the welding health and safety conditions.

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