Inferior alveolar nerve block

Nov 07, 2022

Inferior alveolar nerve block is to block the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, which is often used in the repair of mandibular teeth. Because the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein enter the mandibular canal through the mandibular foramen, anesthetic is usually injected around the mandibular foramen on the inner side of the mandibular branch to block the inferior alveolar nerve. The block of the inferior alveolar nerve can numb all the inferior teeth on the midline side, the skin and mucosa of the lower lip where the mental branch of the inferior alveolar nerve is distributed, as well as the mucosa and gums of the labial side of the inferior alveolar and the mandibular skin. Too far back into the needle can pass through the parotid gland, resulting in a transient paralysis of the facial nerve branch. Dentists often anesthetize the inferior alveolar nerve before repairing or removing the mandibular tooth. As the mental and incisor nerves are its terminal branches, sensation is also lost in the lower jaw and lower lip on the affected side. The injection site of anesthetics is located in the mandibular foramen on the medial side of the mandibular ramus, that is, the opening of the mandibular canal. "Of all the routine injection procedures in dentistry, inferior alveolar nerve block is perhaps the most difficult to perform effectively" (Liebgott, 1986). If the tip moves back too far it may enter the parotid gland and paralyze the facial nerve branch, resulting in unilateral transient facial paralysis.

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