Continuous spinal anaesthesia needles

Although most people are trying to improve the design of spinal needles to reduce the incidence of complications, some workers are looking for ways to improve spinal anesthesia techniques to make them suitable for more surgical operations. One of the limitations of spinal anesthesia is its limited duration: only 1-1.5 hours of sufficient analgesia can be expected after a single injection. If a continuous spinal anesthesia technique can be designed, it will be a more useful and adaptable technique. Dean described a continuous spinal anesthesia technique in 1907. He left the spinal needle in place during the operation and injected more local anesthetic when necessary, but his technique was not widely accepted.

Lemmon published a paper in 1940 describing a 17G or 18G nickel/silver alloy malleable needle and introducer with a sharp mid-length cutting bevel and a small opening on the long side of the bevel to achieve cerebrospinal fluid Free flow. The needle is placed in the subarachnoid space, bent on the surface of the skin, and connected to a rubber tube, and local anesthetic is injected through the rubber tube when needed. The patient lies on a mattress and table. There is a hole in the table that can accommodate a protruding needle. When stainless steel was introduced, the needle was made of stainless steel and annealed to make it ductile (Figure 13).

Figure 13

Lemmon needle (1940).

In 1943, Hingson proposed his improvement to the Lemmon needle. The distal and proximal parts of the needle are rigid, and the middle part is ductile annealed. The needle tip is a short beveled tip with a blunt cutting edge and an additional orifice near the tip. The hub has a reinforced steel ring for connecting small-diameter tubing. There is a safety bead to prevent broken needles (Figure 14).

Figure 14

Hingson Ferguson needle (1943).

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