Clinical biopsy of biopsy

Biopsy is performed before therapeutic surgery or prior to other treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. Generally, a small part of the pathological tissue is taken (such as small lesions and lesions located on the body surface are often taken completely) and sent for pathological biopsy. After formaldehyde fixation, paraffin embedding, section and HE staining, it takes 3-7 days to issue a diagnostic report. Its purpose is to make clear the diagnosis so that the corresponding operation or other treatment measures can be taken in the clinic. Such biopsy is carried out in the outpatient clinic, and only take a small piece of tissue, so it is also called "small biopsy" or "small outpatient material". The materials taken from some visceral organs by endoscopic forceps are more typical of ultra-small biopsies, such as gastric mucosal lesions and lung lesions taken by gastroscopy, so as to confirm whether they are cancer or not, and then perform surgery and other treatments.

The advantage of this kind of preoperative biopsy is less trauma, generally can be done in the outpatient department, most of them can help clinical diagnosis, so that the clinical development of the next treatment plan has an exact basis. Its disadvantages are: it is difficult to draw materials for some lesions deep in the site; Small biopsy should be carefully taken for a few lesions that can cause bleeding or spread. It is easy to make diagnosis difficult or missed diagnosis due to non-standard sampling or no lesions. Patients and clinicians have to wait for a long time (more than 3 days) to get a diagnosis report, so it is not suitable for those in urgent need of definite diagnosis. Biopsy is a biopsy performed during therapeutic or exploratory surgery, usually within 20-30 minutes to make a qualitative diagnosis to guide the procedure. The most widely used technique is rapid freezing, in which fresh specimens without fixation are frozen to below -18 ℃ for sectioning and HE staining for observation and diagnosis. It is also called "intraoperative freezing", "rapid freezing" or "frozen section", and sometimes rapid paraffin sectioning or cytology can be used.

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