What is titanium? What good is it for people?

◎ A metallic element, gray, atomic number 22, relative atomic mass 47.87. It burns in nitrogen, has a high melting point. Blunt titanium and titanium alloys are new structural materials, which are mainly used in aerospace industry and navigation industry. From the discovery of titanium to the production of pure products, lasted more than 100 years. And titanium is really used, to understand its true colors, it is the 1940s after the 20th century. The ten-kilometer-thick strata of the earth's surface contain six parts per thousand of titanium, 61 times more than copper and the tenth most abundant element in the earth's crust (ranking of elements in the crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen, titanium). Any handful of dirt picked from the ground contains a few thousandths of titanium, and it is not uncommon to find more than 10 million tons of titanium in the world. There are tons of sand and gravel on the beach. Titanium and zirconium, two heavier minerals, are mixed in the sand and gravel, and the sea has washed the heavier ilmenite and zircalite together for millions of years, day and night, forming layers of titanium and zirconium along the long coast. This seam is a kind of black sand, usually a few centimeters to tens of centimeters thick. Titanium is not magnetic, and nuclear submarines built with titanium do not have to worry about magnetic mines. In 1947, titanium was smelted in factories. That year, only two tons were produced. Production surged to 20, 000 tons in 1955. In 1972, annual production reached 200,000 tons. Titanium is almost as hard as steel, but it weighs almost half as much as steel of the same size. Titanium, though slightly heavier than aluminum, is twice as hard. Titanium is now widely used instead of steel in space rockets and missiles. According to statistics, the world's annual titanium for space travel, has reached more than 1,000 tons. Extremely fine titanium powder, or good fuel rocket, so titanium is known as the space metal, space metal. Titanium has good heat resistance, melting point up to 1725℃. At room temperature, titanium can lie unharmed in a solution of strong acids and bases. Even the fiercest acid, aqua regia, could not corrode it. Titanium is not afraid of the sea. Someone once sank a piece of titanium to the bottom of the sea. After five years, when he took it up, he found that it was covered with many small animals and sea plants, but it was still shining without rust. Now, people are beginning to use titanium to make submarines - titanium submarines. Because titanium is very strong and can withstand high pressures, the submarine can operate at depths of up to 4,500 meters. Main uses and contact opportunities: Titanium is used in manufacturing special steel, alloy, titanium ceramics and glass fiber. Titanium is also used in aircraft, missiles and atomic reactors. Also used in the production of refractory materials, welding rods, building materials and plastics. The above-mentioned industries may be exposed to titanium metal, titanium dioxide dust and soot. Titanium tetrachloride and part of its hydrolysate, but also often mixed with chlorine and oxides. In the mechanical treatment of titanium metal in the process of exposure to titanium oxide soot. Invasion route: inhalation, ingestion. Human hazards: irritation to upper respiratory tract after inhalation, causing cough, chest tightening or pain. There were no lung changes in the workers who inhaled TiO2 dust for a long time. Exposure to titanium tetrachloride and its hydrolysates can irritate eyes and upper respiratory mucosa during titanium production. Long-term effect may form chronic bronchitis. TiO2 has been used as a skin protection agent for flash burns, and no contact dermatitis, allergy or transdermal absorption was observed. The splashes and inhalation of Titanic acid and titanium nitride smoke at 100℃ can cause skin burns and scar formation and congestion of the mucosa of pharynx, vocal cords and trachea, resulting in constriction of larynx due to scar formation. Conjunctivitis and keratitis are caused by short-term eye exposure to titanium chloride. In addition, titanium tetrachloride inhalation can cause diffuse intrabronchial polyps.

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