What is the relationship between malignant tumor and thrombocytopenia

Malignant tumors are malignant clonal hyperplasia of cells in the body. According to the growth characteristics of tumor cells in human body, malignant tumors can be divided into hematological tumors and solid tumors in general. Both blood tumor cells and solid tumor cells may directly or indirectly cause thrombocytopenia, causing bleeding. (1) Thrombocytopenia caused by hematological tumors: leukemia is a common hematological tumor, 40% ~ 70% of acute leukemia patients can have bleeding, and the most common cause of bleeding caused by leukemia is thrombocytopenia. Due to the extreme proliferation of leukemia cells in the bone marrow, which filled the entire bone marrow cavity, normal hematopoietic stem cells were damaged or inhibited in growth, manifested as a decrease in the number of megakaryocytes, resulting in decreased platelet production. Leukemic cells themselves can also release some inhibitory factors, which can also inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells including megakaryocyte, causing thrombocytopenia. In addition, leukemias such as acute promyelocytic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia can also cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which depletes platelets and leads to thrombocytopenia. Many types of leukemia may result in infections in patients that cause immune or nonimmune thrombocytopenia. (2) Thrombocytopenia caused by solid tumors: solid tumors are often accompanied by petechiae, ecchymosis, gingival bleeding or mild gastrointestinal bleeding, among which prostate cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and malignant melanoma are more common. Thrombocytopenia is also the most common cause of hemorrhage in solid tumors. This is due to the invasion of bone marrow by these tumor cells and the replacement of normal hematopoietic tissue, resulting in decreased platelet production. The advanced stage of various solid tumors, especially prostate cancer, can release procoagulant substances and induce disseminated intravascular coagulation. Due to the large consumption of platelets in this process, thrombocytopenia can be caused.

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