What are the steps of laparoscopic surgery

The following are the basic steps of laparoscopic surgery. 1. The artificial pneumoperitoneum was cut into the skin 1cm at the lower edge of the umbilical wheel, and the pneumoperitoneum needle was inserted at 45 degrees from the incision point. After no blood was drawn back, a needle tube was connected. With CO2 aerator, the intake speed should not exceed 1L/min, and the total amount should be 2-3L. The intra-abdominal pressure does not exceed 2.13KPa (16mmHg). 2. Trocar puncture laparoscopy requires self-trocar and self-trocar insertion into the abdominal cavity, so it is necessary to needle the trocar into the abdominal cavity first. For the method, see the abdominal puncture section of this chapter. The laparoscopic cannula is thick and the incision should be 1.5cm. Lifting the lower abdominal wall of the umbilical cord, the trocar was slowly inserted into the abdominal cavity diagonally and then vertically. When entering the abdominal cavity, there was a sense of breakthrough. The trocar core was pulled out, and the laparoscope was inserted after hearing the gas burst in the abdominal cavity. 3. Laparoscopic observation The operator holds the laparoscope and eyepiece to observe the uterus, ligaments, ovaries, fallopian tubes and rectum uterine depressions. During observation, the assistant can move the uterus and change the position of the uterus for examination. If necessary, suspicious lesions can be sent for pathological examination. 4. If no internal bleeding or organ damage is found in the laparoscopic examination, the laparoscope can be removed, the gas in the abdominal cavity is discharged, the cannula is removed, the abdominal incision is sutured, and the abdominal incision is covered with sterile gauze and fixed with adhesive tape. 5, laparoscopic post-treatment :(1) antibiotics should be given to prevent infection; (2) Although the abdominal incision has been exhausted before suturing, the abdominal cavity may still have residual gas and feel shoulder pain and upper abdominal discomfort, which is usually not serious and does not require special treatment.

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