What are the methods of bone marrow transplantation?

Before a bone marrow transplant, a bone marrow donor must first be selected. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation requires the selection of healthy and suitable marrow donors. The selected objects are often sibs with the same histocompatibility antigen, and sibs with the same human leukocyte antigen matching are the most ideal. Even if the ABO blood type is incompatible between the donor and the recipient, Not absolutely taboo. Autologous bone marrow transplantation is obtained from the patient's own bone marrow. Before deciding to do bone marrow transplantation, it is necessary to know whether there are tumor cells in the bone marrow of the patient's own bone marrow. When leukemia patients are transplanted with their own bone marrow, bone marrow cells should be taken during the remission period, and the residual leukemia cells should be properly purified and stored in vitro, and then the patients will be given radical doses of chemical drugs and systemic radiation therapy to kill as much as possible. Leukemia cells remaining in the body. Then it is transplanted to the patient himself through intravenous infusion, so that the bone marrow can restore its hematopoietic function and achieve the purpose of curing leukemia.

When the bone marrow was collected, the donor was under spinal epidural anesthesia, and the anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine and sternum were punctured at multiple points, and the marrow was collected at each puncture point at no more than 20 ml until the number of cells extracted reached the requirement. (The number of bone marrow nucleated cells required by the recipient per kilogram of body weight is 300 million).

The three types of bone marrow transplantation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although syngeneic bone marrow transplantation is the best, the source of bone marrow is very rare. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation uses normal bone marrow cells, but there are certain serious complications in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, namely, the graft-versus-host reaction, which is easy to make the transplantation fail. In order to eliminate this complication, it is necessary to find the same human leukocyte antigen matching, and this chance is only about 2/100,000, and the chance between siblings is 25%. The main advantage of autologous bone marrow transplantation is that it is not limited by the source of bone marrow, but its disadvantage is that leukemia cells in the original bone marrow may remain in the body, and the disease recurrence rate is high.

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