What are the applications of liquid biopsy?

Liquid biopsy applied at present most cancer than non-small cell lung cancer, or more specifically, lung adenocarcinoma, this is because the lung adenocarcinoma is often by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation on the drive, has many hot spot mutations known, in the blood is easier to detect these carry mutations in tumor DNA fragments.

In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved liquid biopsy for EGFR mutation detection to detect EGFR exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer to help determine whether patients can be targeted with erlotinib. Since then, a large number of clinical studies have followed, and liquid biopsy has gradually moved from clinical research to application, such as:

Detection of tumor gene mutations to select targeted drug therapy. This is especially useful when tumor tissue is difficult to obtain.

Identification of emerging resistance mechanisms to help select drugs or regimens that target specific resistance mechanisms.

Real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics and treatment response, timely intervention measures. CtDNA has a short half-life in the blood, which means it can help analyze mutational dynamics and tumor burden after surgery, detect minimal residual disease, and track patient response to systemic therapy throughout the disease course.

Screening and early detection of cancer. Advanced cancers are easier to detect because they have a heavier tumor load and more ctDNA in the blood than early cancers. However, if the liquid biopsy technology is sensitive enough, it can sometimes detect the ctDNA of early cancer, which provides a new means and direction for early detection and treatment of cancer.

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