The role of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors

Bone tumors and soft tissue tumors are diseases that seriously endanger human health and life. In recent years, the incidence has gradually increased. Primary malignant bone tumors are more common in adolescents and middle-aged people. The common ones are osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous tissue Cell tumors, chordomas, etc., common soft tissue malignancies are synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc. Bone metastases are more common in middle-aged and elderly people, and common primary tumors are lung cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, etc. Prostate cancer and thyroid cancer, etc. Early detection, correct diagnosis, and timely treatment have an important impact on the prognosis. With the continuous update of inspection methods and methods, the accuracy of diagnosis has gradually increased, but there are still a large number of tumors that do not have typical imaging characteristics and diagnosis is difficult.

　　 The correct diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors requires a combination of clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations and pathology. Among them, pathological diagnosis plays a key role in the choice of treatment options. The method of obtaining preoperative pathological diagnosis is biopsy, that is, obtaining a small amount of diseased tissue and sending it to the pathology department, and obtaining the pathological diagnosis through microscopic observation or immunohistochemical methods. Biopsy is divided into closed biopsy, open biopsy and excision biopsy. Closed biopsy is divided into needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and trocar biopsy. Needle biopsy is currently the main way for bone tumor experts to obtain preoperative pathological diagnosis.

　　 Limb salvage surgery for malignant bone tumors and soft tissue tumors has become a major trend. A clear diagnosis is required before surgery. Limb salvage surgery has stricter requirements for biopsy methods and methods. Incorrect biopsy often results in the contamination of important local structures such as blood vessels and nerve bundles by the tumor during the collection, which prevents the tumor from being completely removed, which leads to the failure of the limb salvage treatment, and amputation has to be performed. Tumors located in the pelvis and spine also need to be clearly diagnosed before surgery, and the surgical method is determined according to the nature of the tumor. Therefore, before biopsy, you should have a full understanding of the nature, stage and treatment of the tumor, make adequate preoperative planning, and ensure that the needle path for the material is located on the surgical incision so that it can be completely removed during a thorough operation. Needle biopsy should be performed by experienced bone tumor specialists, and it is best to be performed by the surgeon in person to improve the accuracy of the needle biopsy, reduce complications, and facilitate complete removal of the tumor after diagnosis.

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