The difference between titanium and titanium alloy

Titanium is a chemical element, chemical symbol Ti, atomic number 22, in the periodic table of chemical elements in the fourth period, the IVB group. It is a silver-white transition metal characterized by light weight, high strength, metallic luster, and resistance to wet chlorine corrosion. But titanium cannot be used in dry chlorine gas, even if the temperature of dry chlorine gas below 0℃, there will be a violent chemical reaction, the formation of titanium tetrachloride, and then decomposition into titanium dichloride, and even combustion. Only when the water content of chlorine is above 0.5% can titanium remain reliably stable in it. [1]

Titanium is considered a rare metal because of its dispersion in nature and its difficulty in extraction. But it is relatively abundant, ranking tenth among all elements.

Titanium ores are mainly ilmenite and rutile, widely distributed in the crust and lithosphere. Titanium is also present in almost all living things, rocks, water and soil. The Kroll process is used to extract titanium from major ores

Or Hunter's law. The most common compound of titanium is titanium dioxide, which is used to make white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), which is used as a catalyst and to create smoke screens for air cover, and titanium trichloride (TiCl3), which is used to catalyze the production of polypropylene.

Titanium alloy is an alloy based on titanium and composed of other elements. There are two kinds of homogenous heterocrystals of titanium: close-packed hexagonal α titanium below 882℃, and body-centered cubic β titanium above 882℃.

Alloying elements can be classified into three categories according to their effects on the phase transition temperature:

① The elements that stabilize the α phase and increase the phase transition temperature are the α stable elements, including aluminum, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Aluminum is the main alloying element of titanium alloy, which has obvious effect on improving the strength of alloy at room temperature and high temperature, reducing specific gravity and increasing elastic modulus.

② The elements that stabilize β phase and reduce the temperature of phase transformation are β stable elements, which can be divided into two types: isocrystalline type and eutectic type. The former has molybdenum, niobium, vanadium and so on; The latter has chromium, manganese, copper, iron, silicon and so on.

③ The elements that have little effect on the temperature of phase transition are neutral elements, such as zirconium and tin.

Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen are the main impurities of titanium alloy. The high solubility of oxygen and nitrogen in the α phase strengthens titanium alloy significantly, but decreases the ductility. Generally, the content of oxygen and nitrogen in titanium is below 0.15 ~ 0.2% and 0.04 ~ 0.05%, respectively. The solubility of hydrogen in the alpha phase is very small, and too much hydrogen dissolved in titanium alloy will produce hydrides, making the alloy brittle. Usually titanium alloys contain less hydrogen

Less than 0.015%. The dissolution of hydrogen in titanium is reversible and can be removed by vacuum annealing.

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