Knowledge of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Bone marrow puncture refers to the use of special puncture needles to extract a very small amount (usually 0.2cc) of bone marrow fluid from the posterior superior iliac spine or anterior superior iliac spine, sternum, lumbar spinous process, and tibia for laboratory examination. It is used to diagnose blood diseases and other diseases. One of the most commonly used routine examination methods, its value is equivalent to cardiogram, heart color Doppler ultrasound, chest X-ray in respiratory department, B-ultrasound or gastroscopy in gastroenterology department. The bone puncture is not "spinal fluid", but bone marrow fluid (its role is only to produce hematopoiesis). Except for sternum puncture, the safety of bone marrow puncture in other parts is significantly higher than thoracentesis, abdominal puncture, pericardiocentesis, lumbar puncture and other puncture examinations, and its impact on the human body is significantly less than X-ray photography, CT examination and radionuclide scanning. Decades of clinical practice and scientific experiments have proved that bone marrow puncture has no adverse effects on the human body, does not harm the body, has no obvious sequelae, and does not cause paralysis. Disability or life-threatening, etc.

Bone marrow biopsy is an important method for diagnosing and distinguishing aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, hypoproliferative leukemia, bone marrow metastasis, etc. The operation of bone marrow biopsy is similar to that of bone marrow aspiration, and it is the same safe, without adverse reactions and sequelae.

Except for patients with severe abnormalities in the coagulation mechanism of hemophilia, any patient (including critically ill patients) can undergo bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy if necessary, and their condition will not be affected. In addition, due to special conditions and other reasons, bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy may fail or "dry extraction", or because the bone marrow conditions of different parts of the body of patients with aplastic anemia, myeloma, etc. are often different, it is necessary to perform multi-site repeated puncture to confirm the diagnosis. .

After a bone marrow smear or biopsy, the "things" (specimens) taken out need to be fixed, sectioned, a series of chemical stains, monoclonal antibody detection, etc., and then medical analysis, so it takes some time (bone marrow aspiration smear 3 The results can be obtained only after about 7 days after bone marrow biopsy.

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