Causes of acute myeloid leukemia

1. Viral The study of viral etiology of human leukemia has a history of decades. But so far only adult T-cell leukemia is definitely caused by a virus.

2. Ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation can cause leukemia. Its effect is related to the size of the radiation dose and the irradiation site. A large dose or multiple small doses of irradiation can cause leukemia.

3. The chemical substance benzene has a certain effect on leukemia. Benzene-induced acute leukemia is characterized by acute myeloid and erythroleukemia.

4. Genetic factors The pathogenesis of certain leukemias is related to genetic factors.

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Decreased hemoglobin and platelet counts. The total number of white blood cells varies. Generally 20.0～50.0×109/L. A few are higher than 100×109 or lower than 10.0×109/L. A large number (sometimes as high as 90%) of abnormal primitive leukocytes are seen in the peripheral blood of more than half of the patients. Hemocytochemical staining can determine the type of acute leukemia. About 45% of cases have chromosomal abnormalities. These include haploids. Hyperdiploidy and various marker chromosomes. Bone marrow hyperplasia is active. Visibly active or hyperactive. Mainly leukemia cells. Bone marrow >6% blasts are suspicious. More than 30% of the diagnoses are positive. Original cells + early (young) cells ≥ 50% can be diagnosed. in the whole bone marrow. Erythroid and megakaryocytes are highly reduced. When blood and bone marrow images are insufficient to confirm acute leukemia. Lymph node puncture fluid smears and specific skin lesion prints can be used to find the corresponding leukemia cells combined with pathological prints. aids in diagnosis. Blood biochemical tests: ① Terminal deoxynucleoside transferase (TDT): increased activity in ALL. and inactive in ANLL. ②Alkaline phosphatase (AKP): obvious in ALL. AML was significantly reduced. ② Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): significantly increased in ALL. In addition, the serum uric acid concentration increased. Increased urinary uric acid excretion. Even more so when treated with cytotoxic drugs.

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