What Layers Do Spinal And Epidural Anesthesia Go Through From The Skin To The Anesthesia Site?

Skin, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, spinal cord, subdural space. Arachnoid. subarachnoid space. Pre-infusion of fluids before anesthesia, such as blood pressure drops after anesthesia, rapid infusion of 200-300ml, such as blood pressure has not recovered. Ephedrine or other vasoactive drugs may be given to increase blood pressure. As for postoperative pain, it rarely occurs if it is not penetrated, and no special precautions are required. If it is penetrated, you should lie down on the pillow, use a large amount of caffeine, and do not inject autologous blood into the epidural.

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