What Is The Role Of Titanium?

Titanium is a transition metal and has been considered a rare metal for some time. Since the 1940s, titanium and its compounds have been widely used in aircraft, rockets, missiles, satellites, spacecraft, naval ships, military, medical and petrochemical fields. Because titanium has high melting point, high hardness, strong plasticity, small density, corrosion resistance and other advantages; Titanium looks like steel and has a silvery gray light translation. The strength of titanium is large, the tensile strength of titanium alloy reaches 180kg/mm3. The characteristics of titanium are small density (4.51g/cm3), high hardness, high melting point (1675℃), high purity titanium has good plasticity, but when there are impurities become brittle and hard. At room temperature, titanium does not interact with chlorine, dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, but can be eroded by hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and molten alkali. Titanium is easily dissolved in H2SO4, and the most outstanding property of titanium is its strong corrosion resistance to seawater. Titanium makes up about 0.42% of the total weight in the Earth's crust, ranking seventh in the metal world, with more than 70 minerals containing titanium. At present, titanium has been widely used in aircraft, rockets, missiles, satellites, spacecraft, ships, military industry, light industry, chemical industry, textile industry, medical treatment and petrochemical industry and other fields. Very fine titanium powder, is a good fuel for rockets; The corrosion resistance of titanium is 15 times stronger than the commonly used stainless steel, and the service life is more than 10 times longer than that of stainless steel. The use of titanium in surgery is also very interesting. At present, the surgical bone is set with stainless steel, the use of stainless steel has a disadvantage, is the bone healing, to take out the stainless steel sheet again, this is a very painful thing. Otherwise, stainless steel will be harmful to human body due to rust. Switching to titanium "artificial bone" will completely change orthopedic technology. At the head of the damage, using titanium plate with titanium screws, after several months, bones will grow back in titanium plate holes and screw, new muscle fibers are wrapped in titanium sheet, titanium skeleton like a real bones and flesh of support and reinforcement effect, so, titanium has been hailed as "metal". Now it has begun to be used in knee joint, shoulder joint, rib joint, cranium, active heart flap, bone fixation clip and so on. In steelmaking industry, a small amount of titanium is a good deoxidation, nitrogen and sulfur removal agent. Dioxy titanium is a valuable white pigment called titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide has the concealing properties of lead white and the durability of zinc white. It is one of the whitest substances in the world, and titanium dioxide is non-toxic. Hundreds of thousands of tons of titanium dioxide are now used as pigment each year. Because of its high melting point, titanium dioxide is often used to make refractory glass, glaze, enamel, clay, high temperature resistant experimental vessels, etc. Titanium tetrachloride gives off a lot of white smoke in wet air. Because of this property, it is commonly used in the military as an artificial smog agent. Especially on the ocean, water vapor, a titanium tetrachloride, smoke like a white Great Wall, blocked the enemy's line of sight. Barium titanate crystals are widely used in ultrasonic instruments and underwater detectors. This is because when the compression chop changes shape, it will generate current; It changes shape once the electricity is applied. When barium titanate is placed in ultrasonic wave, it will generate current under pressure. The strength of ultrasonic wave can be measured by the current generated by it. Instead, a high-frequency electric current is passed through it to produce ultrasonic waves. In handicrafts and daily necessities decorated with gold, they are not durable due to their low hardness, easy to puncture and wear. When a layer of titanium nitride is plated on the surface of these materials, the appearance is almost identical to that of gold coating, but it is more resistant to wear than gold and hard alloy, and the coating is known as "never wear." Organic titanium polymer, can be used as surfactant, dispersant, water resistant agent or rust inhibitor. The current human use of the four series of hydrogen storage in metal, titanium is one kind of, also is a kind of cheaper, but now have not found a more ideal human "hydrogen storage metal", once the problem solved, people can use hydrogen as fuel. "titanium aircraft" that can reduce the body weight 5 tons, more than more than 100 passengers. In new jet engines, titanium alloy already accounts for 18-25% of the weight of the whole engine. In the latest supersonic aircraft, titanium accounts for almost 95% of the total weight of the entire structure, so it would be difficult to develop the current supersonic aircraft without titanium. Submarines made of titanium are not only more durable than those made of steel, but also can dive to greater depths. Titanium submarines can dive down to 4,500 meters, which is an impassable limit for steel submarines. Titanium is used to make warships and ships, which do not need to be painted and will not rust after years of sailing in the sea. Since titanium is not a ferromagnet and cannot be detected by magnetic mines, this is of particular military importance. Without titanium heat-resistant steel, the life span of rifles and machine guns in use today would only be the initial 4.5 seconds. Using the strong absorption of air by titanium and zirconium, the air can be removed, creating a vacuum. The vacuum pump, made of titanium and zirconium, pumps air to a fraction of a billion. Ti - Nb alloy is an ideal superconducting material. Tsinghua University used the principle of optical interference and titanium ion nitride treatment to produce clear, layered mountain ink paintings. Of the two most common stainless steels in use today, Inconel 18-8-1 (18% chromium, 8% nickel, 1% titanium) is the most commonly used in the industry. Titanium carbide (TiC) is much like iron carbide, with a metallic luster. But it has a higher melting point and higher hardness than iron carbide. So, it has a practical application. The food preserved in titanium vessels has long-lasting color, fragrance and taste. Titanium cookware is lightweight, and will not rust, the most scientific health. Made of titanium alloy, the high-pressure vessel can withstand up to 2500 atmospheres. An alloy of titanium and nickel, known as a "memory alloy", is made into a pre-determined shape, which is then shaped and, if deformed by external forces, can be restored to its original appearance with a little heat. This alloy has been used in many fields. The antenna used on the Apollo spacecraft, for example, is this memory alloy; The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai First Medical College has used the memory alloy in women's sterilization operations; In addition, it can also be used in instrument, electronic device and other fields. Now, the biggest obstacle to the widespread use of titanium is that it is difficult to smelt. Because the melting point of titanium is very high, smelting titanium must be carried out at a higher temperature, and the chemical properties of titanium become very active at high temperature, so smelting must be carried out under the protection of inert gas, but also do not use oxygen-containing materials, which puts forward high requirements on smelting equipment and process. About 70 percent of titanium smelting is used in the manufacture of airplanes, missiles, spaceships, and satellites. Titanium has a promising future, so it was awarded the title of "the metal of the 21st Century".

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