What Is The Color Of Titanium, What Are Its Properties And Functions

The properties of titanium

Titanium is a silver-gray metal, soft and malleable. Melting point 1660℃, boiling point 3287℃, density 4.5g/cm3. Poor electrical and thermal conductivity. Titanium can form alloys with most metals and many non-metals. The strength of titanium alloy can be increased by adding other metals to it. The strength of titanium alloy is stronger than many alloy steels.

Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance. At room temperature, a protective oxide film is easily formed on the surface of titanium metal. It is not eroded by water, nitric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute alkali solutions, and has a particularly strong corrosion resistance to seawater. Hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and moderate strength alkali have corrosive effect on titanium.

At high temperature titanium can be directly combined with most non-metallic elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and halogen. Titanium is the ninth most abundant in the Earth's crust at 0.6%.

One of the uses of titanium

Titanium has the characteristics of low density, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. Titanium alloy high strength, a large number of used in the manufacture of military supersonic aircraft structural components, also used in the manufacture of rocket engine housing, artificial satellite housing, but also can be used to manufacture ships and submarines of various parts. Titanium alloy is used to make guns, tanks, etc., which can reduce weight and be durable. Titanium is often used in chemical production to make heat exchangers and in the electronics industry as a deoxidizer. Titanium is not toxic to humans and does not react with human muscles and bones, so it is known medically as a "biometallic". Therefore, it is widely used as medical instruments and artificial joint, artificial heart valve, artificial tooth root and so on. The demand for titanium has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Known as the 21st century metal. Titanium ore resources are abundant in China.

The second use of titanium

Titanium has a high melting point, low density, high mechanical strength, and is easy to process and form, and has excellent corrosion resistance. Titanium and titanium alloys can maintain their good mechanical properties at low and ultra-low temperatures.

Titanium and titanium alloys have been widely used because of the above excellent properties.

In the metal processing industry, titanium - tungsten carbide is used to make cutting tools, cutting steel.

In the aviation industry, titanium and titanium alloys are used to make jet engines and aircraft fuselages. In the rocket, missile and aerospace industry, it is mainly used as pressure vessels, fuel tanks, rocket engine shells, rocket nozzle sleeves, artificial satellite shells, spacecraft cabins, etc.

In shipbuilding, used to make shells for sea ships and ships

In the chemical industry, it is used to manufacture various chemical equipment such as heat exchangers, pumps, reactors, heaters, etc.

It is used to make desalination equipment in seawater desalination systems.

In addition, titanium in the metallurgical industry, electronic devices and communication equipment, medical complement, paper industry and pigment industry, have a wide range of applications. For example, because of its low density and high strength, titanium is easily adapted by the human body after being loaded into the medical complement material, so it is commonly used to make a replacement for the damaged bone in the human body. Titanium dioxide is often used as a filler in the paper industry, adding titanium white paper whiteness, strong luster, its opacity than with calcium carbonate and other ordinary filler about ten times higher. Titanium dioxide has a large covering power, permanent extinction of synthetic fibers, and will not reduce the strength of the fiber, is a good filler. The addition of titanium dioxide to ceramics and enamels enhances their acid resistance.

Although titanium has many excellent properties, its popularization and use are still limited because of the difficulty of smelting and the high price.

The excellence of titanium

Now titanium is known as the "21st century metal" why?

There are at least two reasons: on the one hand, titanium has many excellent properties; Another reason is that titanium is abundant in the Earth's crust. In 1910, the world's annual production of titanium was only 0.2g! By 1947, it had risen to two tons; In 1955, it quickly increased to 20,000 tons; By 1962, it had jumped to 100,000 tons! A few decades ago, titanium was classified as a "rare metal." Careful exploration by geochemists, however, has found that titanium is more abundant in the Earth's crust than common metals such as copper, tin, manganese, and zinc, and ranks seventh on Earth after aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

The excellent performance of titanium is shown in the following aspects:

(1) Good strength. The strength of titanium alloy is 2 ~ 3 times that of aluminum and 5 times that of magnesium. It is also stronger than many alloy steels. When heated to about 673K, the strength of magnesium, aluminum and other metals is greatly reduced, while the strength of titanium alloy changes little. When the plane's speed exceeds 2.2 times the speed of sound, the intense friction between the plane's skin and the air creates a high temperature, the aluminum alloy can not withstand. Titanium alloys have taken their place.

(2) The rigidity of rigid titanium is greater than that of aluminum and magnesium. Its elastic coefficient is about half that of steel, but much larger than aluminum and magnesium.

(3) The density of light titanium is only 4.54g/cm3, which is half of the density of steel, so the mass of titanium of the same size is much lighter than that of steel. Titanium is used in aircraft manufacturing, not only to reduce the weight of the aircraft themselves, but also to carry more weight and fly faster.

(4) Strength/weight ratio Titanium has the largest strength/weight ratio of any metal. That is, titanium is the lightest metal product of the same strength.

(5) Corrosion resistance to general corrosive agents, titanium corrosion resistance and stainless steel, the same corrosion resistance to seawater and platinum, this is because in the air, titanium surface quickly generated a layer of dense very stable titanium oxide film, protect the interior from corrosion. So it became a good material for the manufacture of warships and submarines.

Because of these excellent properties, titanium has a wide range of applications in modern science and technology. The metal titanium also has a unique use in medicine as a "biomimetic" because of its ability to replace damaged bone.

China's titanium resource is advantaged, titanium in all aspects of the application of more widely.

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