Why do you need a bone marrow needle? Is there any danger?

Diseases with abnormal hematopoietic cells or tissues, blood cells, and hemostatic system are called hematopoietic diseases. Blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, are derived from hematopoietic cells and tissues. In adults, hematopoietic cells and tissues mainly exist in bone marrow. In some special cases, the liver and spleen are also involved in hematopoiesis. Bone marrow examination is one of the most important tests for blood diseases. Because hematopoietic cells are mainly found in the bone marrow, many blood diseases (especially in the early stages) do not have a good indication of the disease. The diagnosis, therapeutic effect and prognosis of many blood diseases are determined by examining bone marrow cells. Bone marrow cells or tissues can be extracted for morphological analysis, chemical staining of blood cells, chromosomal karyotype examination, immunological examination, gene analysis, stem cell culture, electron microscope examination, pathological tissue examination, etc. To obtain bone marrow cells or tissues, bone penetration or biopsy is required. Morphological examination of bone marrow cells is the most valuable method for the diagnosis of hematopoietic diseases, such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, etc. To observe the efficacy and prognosis of the disease; Bone marrow examination is also used to diagnose non-hematopoietic diseases such as parasitic infections (malaria, leishmaniasis), metabolic diseases (Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick disease), metastatic cancer of the bone marrow; Bone marrow examination can be performed clinically for fever of unknown cause, cachexia, enlargement of liver, spleen, lymph node of unknown cause, bone pain, single or multiple unexplained decrease or increase of naive cells, suspicious cells and blood cells in peripheral blood. Sometimes biopsy and multisite bone marrow examination are required. In some diseases, the pathological changes in the bone marrow are focal and a bone marrow aspiration can only reflect the bone marrow function or pathological status of the puncture site. It does not reflect the overall condition of the bone marrow. In addition to the changes of bone marrow cytology, it is necessary to understand the changes of bone marrow tissue structure in the diagnosis of some diseases. In addition, dry bone marrow extraction and other conditions must be combined with bone marrow biopsy for pathological examination. Pathological examination was performed in conjunction with bone marrow biopsy. Bone marrow puncture or biopsy is a very simple and safe operation, that is, in the protruding bones such as the anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, manubrium sternum, etc., the bone marrow puncture needle or biopsy needle is used to extract some bone marrow blood or take a small piece of tissue for examination after local anesthesia, which can be completed quickly. If the patient does not need hospitalization, he or she can go home immediately after the puncture. Hematopoietic blood can be produced in many parts of the body. A small amount of bone marrow blood or a small piece of bone marrow tissue is insignificant and has no effect on the body. In our hospital, there was no complication during bone piercing. If the patient has a history or family history of persistent bleeding, or a history of drug allergies, tell the doctor before the piercing. Some people worry that bone piercings will hurt their bodies and even endanger their lives. Some people treat bone marrow and spinal cord as the same organ and therefore treat bone marrow puncture as spinal puncture. This view is wrong.