Why do hypodermic needles have a concentric oval tip?

The shaft of the needle is a hollow steel cylinder. If you took that and cut it cleanly at an angle, the puncturing tip of the needle would be one side of an ellipse, like this:

This isn't actually all that sharp. You would never (deliberately) use a needle like this on skin: this needle is only for drawing up medication from glass vials.

Instead, a needle for use on skin is further sharpened. Extra facets are cut into the tip of the needle which make it considerably sharper, like this:

This means a hypodermic needle is as sharp as our technology can make it.

We has an annotated diagram of this shape:

Most medical needles have tips like this. But there are plenty of other types for use in special situations. For example, most epidural and spinal needles are designed to be deliberately blunt, and there are other types of needle out there.

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