Why bone marrow aspiration? Is it dangerous?

Diseases in which hematopoietic cells or tissues, blood cells, and hemostatic system are abnormal are called hematological diseases. Blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, all come from hematopoietic cells and tissues. In adults, hematopoietic cells and tissues mainly exist in the bone marrow; in some special cases, the liver and spleen are also involved in hematopoiesis. Bone marrow examination is one of the most important test methods for blood diseases. Because hematopoietic cells mainly exist in the bone marrow, for many blood diseases (especially in the early stage), blood tests cannot reflect the condition of the disease. The diagnosis, treatment effect and prognosis of many blood diseases are determined by examining bone marrow cells. Extracting bone marrow cells or tissues can be used for morphological analysis, blood cell chemical staining, chromosome karyotype examination, immunological examination, genetic analysis, stem cell culture, electron microscopy, pathological tissue examination, etc. To obtain bone marrow cells or tissue, bone Wear or biopsy. Bone marrow cell morphology examination is currently the most valuable examination method for the diagnosis of hematopoietic system diseases, such as: leukemia, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, etc.; observe the curative effect and prognosis of the disease; bone marrow examination is also used For the diagnosis of non-hematopoietic diseases: such as parasitic infections (malaria, kala-azar), metabolic diseases (Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease), bone marrow metastatic cancer; clinically unexplained Bone marrow examination can be performed for fever, cachexia, unexplained liver, spleen, lymphadenopathy, bone pain, immature cells, suspicious cells, and blood cells in peripheral blood with single or multiple unexplained decrease or increase; sometimes a biopsy is required And multiple bone marrow examinations. In some diseases, the pathological changes in the bone marrow show focal changes, and a bone marrow puncture can only reflect the bone marrow function or pathological condition of the puncture site. Can not reflect the overall condition of the bone marrow. In addition to the changes in bone marrow cytology, the diagnosis of certain diseases still needs to understand the changes in bone marrow tissue structure. In addition, dry bone marrow extraction and other conditions must be combined with bone marrow biopsy for pathological examination. Combined with bone marrow biopsy for pathological examination. Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy is a very simple and safe operation, that is, in the protruding bones such as the anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, sternal stem, etc., first local anesthesia and then use a bone marrow puncture needle or biopsy needle to extract some bone marrow. Blood or a small piece of tissue for examination can be completed quickly. If the patient does not need to be hospitalized, he can go home immediately after the puncture. Many bones in the body can make blood. A small amount of bone marrow blood or a small piece of bone marrow tissue is trivial and has no effect on the body. No complications occurred during bone puncture in our hospital. If the patient has a history or family history of continuous bleeding, or a history of drug allergy, tell the doctor before the puncture. Some people worry that bone puncture will harm the body and even endanger life; some people regard bone marrow and spinal cord as the same organ, so they regard bone marrow puncture as spinal puncture. This view is wrong.

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