What is the third-generation IVF process like? ?

The third generation of IVF technology, namely preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (PGD/PGS), refers to the artificial means of chromosomal or genetic analysis, diagnosis or screening of the genetic material of embryos on the basis of IVF technology. Abnormal embryos are produced, and embryos with normal genetics are selected for transfer, so that the offspring can avoid some genetic diseases.

1. Ovulation induction stage: that is, the drug-stimulated superovulation technique. In the natural cycle, generally only 1 egg develops to maturity. The world's first test-tube baby was obtained in a natural cycle to obtain an egg for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. In order to increase the success rate and obtain more high-quality embryos, it is necessary to obtain multiple eggs in one cycle.

2. Egg retrieval and freezing stage: After the follicles are mature, reproductive medicine experts, under the guidance of B ultrasound, puncture the egg retrieval needle from the guiding side wall to the mature follicles of the ovary, suck out the eggs and then perform in vitro fertilization and culture. The procedure will be performed under anesthesia and the patient will usually not experience pain.

3. Cultivation of fertilized eggs: The semen obtained by the husband under sterile conditions is processed so that the sperm has the ability to penetrate the eggs, and together with the eggs, they are cultured in a special culture medium to form fertilized eggs. If the fertilized egg is formed and develops normally, embryo transfer is usually performed 2 to 3 days later.

4. Embryo transfer: A very thin catheter is used to enter the uterus through the cervix, and then the embryos are injected into the uterine cavity through the catheter. Some reproductive centers use B-ultrasound-guided embryo transfer technology, which helps to improve the success rate of IVF. After transplantation, you can go home directly after lying still for 1 to 2 hours. Avoid strenuous activity for 24 to 48 hours. The number of embryos transferred depends on the patient's age, previous pregnancy, and the quality of the embryos.

5. PGS (Preimplantation Genetic Screening): This is a crucial step in the third-generation test tube. Preimplantation genetic screening refers to the detection of early embryos with abnormal chromosome number and structure before implantation. Detection is an early prenatal screening method to analyze whether the embryo has abnormal genetic material by detecting the structure and number of 23 pairs of chromosomes in the embryo at one time.

6. PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis): Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is mainly used to check whether the embryos carry genetically defective genes. It appeared on the basis of test-tube baby technology. After the sperm and eggs are combined in vitro to form fertilized eggs and develop into embryos, genetic testing must be performed before they are implanted in the uterus, so as to avoid some genetic diseases in IVF.

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