What is the morphological basis of pleural puncture

First of all, we should know the role of chest puncture in the diagnosis and treatment of chest diseases.

In the clinical work of pulmonary department, thoracic puncture is a relatively common, convenient and simple diagnosis and treatment method.

For example, through examination, we find that the patient has a fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. We can extract the fluid through a pleural puncture and conduct various tests to find the cause of the disease. If there is a lot of fluid in the cavity, which compresses the lungs or accumulates for a long time, the fibrin in the cavity is easy to be mechanically induced and two layers of pleural adhesion occur, thus affecting the respiratory function of the lungs. At this time, we also need to puncture the fluid to remove. If necessary, drugs can be injected to achieve the purpose of treatment. Such as pleural effusion caused by cancer, we inject anti-cancer drugs, anti-cancer effect.

If there is too much gas in the chest and the pleural cavity has changed from a negative to a positive pressure, this can also be done to reduce pressure and draw out the gas.

If the patient's bronchi is connected to the pleural cavity, then we can inject a blue drug (called methylene blue, which is harmless to human body) into the chest through a needle, then the patient can cough up blue fluid (including sputum), then we can confirm the patient has a bronchopleural fistula.

Bronchopleural fistula is a pathological channel established due to lung lesions involving bronchi, alveoli and pulmonary pleura. It is a channel through the oral cavity → trachea → bronchi → alveoli → visceral pleura → pleural cavity.

Indications

In order to clarify the nature of pleural effusion, it is necessary to do a pleural puncture and drainage examination to assist the diagnosis. For patients with symptoms of lung compression due to a large amount of fluid or gas accumulation, and patients with empyema need to be pumped for treatment; Drugs have to be injected into the chest.