What is the effect of local anesthesia? What's the principle?
Aug 27, 2022
It refers to the application of local anesthetics to the body in the patient's conscious state, so that the sensory nerve conduction function of a part of the body is temporarily blocked, and the motor nerve conduction remains intact or is blocked to varying degrees at the same time.
When local anesthetics are combined with some specific parts of the sodium ion channels on the nerve membrane, the sodium ion through the sodium ion channels decreases and thus changes the nerve membrane potential, leading to the conduction of nerve impulses is blocked, and finally the anesthetic effect is realized. General anesthetics work by affecting the physical properties of the nerve membrane, such as its fluid properties and permeability.
(1) Topical anesthesia. Anesthetics are applied to the eye or sprayed on the mucosal surface to anesthetize the submucosal sensory nerve endings.
(2) Infiltration anesthesia. The liquid is injected into the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue, and the liquid diffuses and infiltrates the sensory nerve endings in the surgical area to produce anesthesia.
(3) Conduction anesthesia. The injection of a liquid medicine around a nerve trunk, plexus, or ganglion to produce anesthesia in the area under that nerve.
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