What is the difference between catheter radiofrequency ablation and thoracoscopic radiofrequency ablation?

Atrial fibrillation is a kind of arrhythmia disease. Under normal circumstances, the human heart rate is very stable, because the heart is very "self-disciplined", has its own regular electrical activity, not easy to be disturbed by extra-cardiac factors. However, if abnormal electrical activities of extracardiac structures such as pulmonary veins, superior and inferior vena cava are transmitted to the atrium and interfere with the electrical rhythm of the atrium, irregular atrial fibrillation may occur, so that the normal contraction and diastolic functions of the atrium are lost, and the ejection function of the whole heart is ultimately affected. "Af ablation" is a treatment method based on the causes of AF: through surgical ablation, the myocardium of AF patients where the lesion is located is denatureand necrotic, so as to block abnormal electrical signals to the atrium, and achieve the goal of radical treatment of AF.

Ablation is the best way to cure patients with atrial fibrillation with small trauma, high cure rate, short hospital stay and almost no complications. Therefore, it has been rapidly developed and popularized in the past ten years, and more and more words such as catheter ablation, radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation have appeared in our life. So, what's the difference?

"Catheter ablation" refers to a treatment technique in which a catheter is delivered through a peripheral vein to the site of a lesion in atrial fibrillation (usually the connection between the atrium and pulmonary veins) and then releases energy to deform and destroy part of the heart muscle, blocking abnormal electrical signals from outside the heart to the atrium. During catheter ablation, radiofrequency current (a kind of high-energy electromagnetic wave) is generally released locally to generate high temperature in a very small range, so that the water in the local lesion tissue will evaporate, and the degeneration and necrosis will be achieved. Because the radiofrequency current is used as the energy source, it is also known as "radiofrequency ablation". Therefore, what we call "catheter ablation" and "radiofrequency ablation" in our daily life are actually short for "transcatheter radiofrequency ablation".

Catheter radiofrequency ablation does not require surgery, but requires the puncture of 3-4 needle eyes, usually selected in the thigh, shoulder or neck; Most operations can be local anesthesia, the patient is awake, no pain, but dementia, fidget patients may need general anesthesia. Because the damage caused by radiofrequency current to myocardium is very limited, only about 3-4 mm in diameter and depth, and will not affect the surrounding normal myocardial tissue, patients generally have no obvious discomfort during the operation. Most operations take about 1-2 hours to complete, patients generally two to three days can be discharged. Catheter ablation has fewer complications, mainly cardiac tamponade and hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke, but the incidence of complications is low.

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