What is bone marrow stab

Bone marrow puncture (bone marrow puncture) is a commonly used diagnostic technique to take bone marrow fluid. The examination contents include cytology, protozoa and bacteriology.

Operation method

　　 1. Selection of puncture site

　　① Anterior superior iliac spine: 1~2cm above the posterior anterior superior iliac spine is often used as a puncture point, where the bone surface is relatively flat, easy to fix, convenient and safe to operate;

　　② Posterior superior iliac spine: located on both sides of the sacral spine and bony protrusions above the buttocks;

　　③Sternal stem: This is rich in bone marrow. When the puncture fails at the above site, sternal stem puncture can be used, but the bone here is thin, and there are atria and large blood vessels afterwards. It is strictly to prevent the danger of penetration, and it is less used;

　　④Lumbar spinous process: Located at the protrusion of the lumbar spinous process, it is rarely used. Infants under 5.2 years old choose the anterior and inferior tibial tuberosity.

　　2. Position When puncturing the sternum and anterior superior iliac spine, take the supine position. Lateral superior iliac spine puncture should be taken laterally. When puncturing the spinous process of the lumbar spine, take a sitting or lateral position.

　　3. Routinely disinfect the skin, wear sterile gloves, spread a sterile towel, and use 2% lidocaine as a local infiltration anesthesia until the periosteum.

4. Fix the bone marrow puncture needle holder at an appropriate length (the iliac bone puncture is about 1.5cm, the obese people can lengthen it appropriately, and the sternum stem puncture is about 1.0cm), fix the skin of the puncture site with the thumb and index finger of the left hand, and hold the needle at Pierce the bone surface vertically (if it is a sternal stem puncture, the puncture needle is pierced obliquely at an angle of 30-40° to the bone surface). When the resistance disappears and the puncture needle has been fixed in the bone, it means that it has entered the bone marrow cavity.

5. With a dry 20ml syringe, withdraw the inner plug 1cm, pull out the needle core, connect the syringe, and slowly suck with appropriate strength. It can be seen that a small amount of red bone marrow fluid enters the syringe. The suction volume of bone marrow fluid is 0.1～0.2ml. It is advisable to remove the syringe, push the bone marrow fluid onto the glass slide, and the assistant will quickly make 5 to 6 smears, and submit them for cell morphology and cytochemical staining.

　　 6. If bone marrow culture is needed, connect the syringe again, and suck 2～3ml of bone marrow fluid into the culture medium.

7. If the bone marrow fluid cannot be drawn, the needle cavity may be filled with skin, subcutaneous tissue or bone fragments, or the needle may be inserted too deep or too shallow, and the needle tip is not in the medullary cavity. At this time, the needle core should be inserted again. , Rotate it a little bit or drill a little more or withdraw a little more, pull out the needle core, if you see blood stains on the needle core, you can expect to get bone marrow fluid by aspirating again.

　　 8. After the suction is completed, insert the needle core, turn slightly to pull out the puncture needle, then cover the needle hole with sterile gauze, press it slightly, and fix it with tape.

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