What is a kidney biopsy

A kidney biopsy is often called a renal biopsy. Due to the wide variety of kidney diseases and the complex etiology and pathogenesis, the clinical manifestations of many kidney diseases are not completely consistent with the histological changes of the kidneys. In order to clarify the etiology and pathology of the disease and further diagnose the specific disease that the patient suffers from, a renal biopsy is required at this time! In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the update of imaging equipment and the improvement of operating skills, percutaneous renal biopsy technology has been widely carried out. It can directly observe the changes of kidney morphology in renal disease, and can carry out a series of observations. . Due to the improvement of puncture technology, the application of immunohistochemical technology and electron microscopy, the quality of its diagnosis has also been greatly improved. It has become an important means of diagnosing, guiding treatment and prognosis of kidney disease. At the same time, it has also contributed to the etiology and development trend of various glomerular diseases. A kidney biopsy is required in the following cases:

1. Nephrotic syndrome: when the etiology of nephrotic syndrome is unknown, consider whether it is secondary to systemic diseases;

2. The renal function of glomerulonephritis patients with rapid decline needs renal biopsy to determine the pathological type of renal damage.

3. Rapidly progressive nephritis syndrome, the shape and extent of inflammation and immune deposits can be found in renal biopsy, which is very important for the early diagnosis and treatment of rapidly progressive nephritis. Primary acute nephritis with atypical clinical manifestations or acute nephritis that does not heal after several months or declines in renal function.

4. For adults with primary nephrotic syndrome, it is better to do a renal biopsy before using hormones to determine their tissue type, so as to avoid side effects caused by blind use of hormones, especially if the treatment is ineffective, kidney biopsy should be performed.

5. After excluding non-glomerular hematuria in patients with hematuria, if the diagnosis cannot be established, renal biopsy may be considered. For persistent hematuria without clinical manifestations and hematuria accompanied by proteinuria, the 24-hour urine protein quantification is greater than 1. A kidney biopsy should be done for those who are sterilized.

6. For those with long duration of proteinuria without any symptoms, renal biopsy can be used to clarify the pathological type, which is helpful for drug use and prognosis.

7. Patients with lupus nephritis, renal hypertension, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure of unknown cause can undergo renal biopsy to help diagnose.

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