What does titanium do?

Titanium is a transition metal and has been considered a rare metal for some time. Since the 1940s, titanium and its compounds have been widely used in aircraft, rockets, missiles, satellites, spacecraft, ships, military, medical and petrochemical fields. Because titanium has high melting point, hardness, plasticity, low density, corrosion resistance and other advantages; Titanium looks like steel and has a silver - gray light translation. Titanium has great strength, and the tensile strength of titanium alloy is 180kg/mm3. Titanium is characterized by low density (4.51g/cm3), high hardness, high melting point (1675℃), high purity titanium has good plasticity, but becomes brittle and hard in the presence of impurities. At room temperature, titanium does not react with chlorine, dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, but can be attacked by hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and molten alkali. Titanium is easily dissolved in H2SO4. The most outstanding property of titanium is its strong corrosion resistance to seawater. Titanium accounts for about 0.42% of the total weight in the earth's crust, ranking seventh in the metal world, with more than 70 kinds of titanium minerals. At present, titanium has been widely used in aircraft, rockets, missiles, satellites, spacecraft, ships, military, light industry, chemical, textile, medical and petrochemical fields. Very fine titanium powder, is a good rocket fuel; The corrosion resistance of titanium is 15 times stronger than commonly used stainless steel, and the service life is more than 10 times longer than stainless steel. The application of titanium in medical surgery is also very interesting. At present, stainless steel is used in surgical osteosynthesis. One disadvantage of using stainless steel is that it is very painful to remove the stainless steel sheet after the bone is healed. Otherwise, stainless steel will cause harm to human body because of rust. If the use of titanium "artificial bone" will make a complete transformation of orthopedic technology. At the head of the damage, using titanium plate with titanium screws, after several months, bones will grow back in titanium plate holes and screw, new muscle fibers are wrapped in titanium sheet, titanium skeleton like a real bones and flesh of support and reinforcement effect, so, titanium has been hailed as "metal". Now it has been applied to knee joint, shoulder joint, rib joint, cranium, active valve, bone fixation clip and so on. In steelmaking industry, a small amount of titanium is a good deoxidation, nitrogen removal and sulfur removal agent. Titanium dioxy is a valuable white pigment, called titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide has lead white cover performance and zinc white durable performance, it is one of the whitest substances in the world, and titanium dioxide non-toxic. Hundreds of thousands of tons of titanium dioxide are now used as pigment each year. Because of its high melting point, titanium dioxide is often used to make refractory glass, glaze, enamel, clay, high-temperature experimental vessels, etc. Titanium tetrachloride emits a lot of white smoke in wet air. Because of this property, it is commonly used in the military as an artificial smoke agent. Especially in the ocean, water vapor, a titanium tetrachloride, smoke like a white Great Wall, blocking the enemy's line of sight. Barium titanate crystals are widely used in ultrasonic instruments and underwater detectors. This is because when chopping changes shape under pressure, an electric current will be generated; Once the electricity is applied, it changes shape again. Put barium titanate in ultrasonic wave, it will produce current pressure, the size of the current generated by it can measure the strength of ultrasonic wave; Instead, a high-frequency current is passed through it to produce ultrasonic waves. In the use of gold decorative arts and crafts and daily necessities, because of their low hardness, easy to puncture and wear, can not last. When coated with titanium nitride, the coating looks almost exactly like gold and is more resistant to wear than gold and cemented carbide. The coating is reputed to be "wear-free". Organic titanium polymer, used as a surfactant, dispersant, water repellent or rust inhibitor. Titanium is one of the four hydrogen storage metals currently in use, and it's the cheaper one, but we haven't found a better "hydrogen storage metal," and once that's solved, hydrogen can be used as a fuel. The titanium plane can reduce its weight by five tons and carry more than 100 passengers. In the new jet engine, titanium alloy has accounted for 18 ~ 25% of the weight of the whole engine; In the latest supersonic aircraft, titanium accounts for almost 95% of the total weight of the entire body structure, so it would be difficult to develop the current supersonic aircraft without titanium. Titanium submarines are not only more durable than steel submarines, but they can also dive to greater depths. Titanium submarines can go below 4,500 meters, a limit that steel submarines cannot cross. Titanium warships, ships, do not need to paint, sailing in the sea for several years will not rust. Because titanium is not a ferromagnetic material, it cannot be detected by magnetic mines, which is particularly important in military matters. Without titanium made of heat-resistant steel, rifles and machine guns in use today would have a life span of only 4.5 seconds. Using titanium and zirconium's strong absorption of air, the air can be removed, creating a vacuum. A vacuum pump, made of titanium and zirconium, can pump the air down to a billionth of a part. Titanium-niobium alloy is an ideal superconducting material. Using optical interferometry and ion-nitriding treatment, Tsinghua University has created a clear, hierarchical ink painting of mountains and rivers. Of the two most common types of stainless steel in use today, inconel 18-8-1 (18% chromium, 8% nickel, 1% titanium) is the most commonly used in industry. Titanium carbide (TiC) resembles iron carbide and has metallic luster. But it has a higher melting point and higher hardness than iron carbide. So, it has practical applications. Food preserved in titanium vessels has an enduring color, smell and taste. Titanium cooking utensils are both lightweight, and will not rust, the most scientific health. The pressure vessel, made of titanium alloy, can withstand up to 2,500 atmospheres. An alloy of titanium and nickel is called a memory alloy. This alloy is made into a predetermined shape, and then after shaping, if it is deformed by external force, it can be restored to its original appearance as long as it is heated slightly. This alloy has been applied in many fields. For example, the antenna used on the American Apollo spacecraft is this memory alloy; The Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to the First Medical College in Shanghai has used this kind of memory alloy in female sterilization operations. In addition, it can also be used in instruments, electronic devices and other fields. Now, the biggest obstacle to its widespread use is that titanium is hard to smelt. Because the melting point of titanium is very high, titanium smelting will be carried out at a higher temperature, and the chemical properties of titanium at high temperature and become very active, so smelting under the protection of inert gas, but also without the use of oxygen-containing materials, which puts forward high requirements for smelting equipment and process. At present, about 70% of the titanium smelting is used in the manufacture of aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, artificial satellites and other aspects. The promise of titanium is so great that it has been awarded the title of "the metal of the 21st century".

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