What disease requires bone marrow extraction

Bone marrow examination is to use a bone marrow puncture needle to extract a certain amount of bone marrow fluid from different parts of the human body (mainly in the sternum, ilium, etc.) for cytological examination, parasite and pathogen examination, and bone marrow fluid culture to diagnose certain diseases. a way.

Bone marrow is the main hematopoietic organ after birth. During childhood, all bone marrow contains active red marrow. From the age of 4, the red marrow in the tubular bones is gradually replaced by fat and becomes yellow marrow. By the age of 20, it is limited to flat marrow. Bones (ribs, sternum, skull), spine, humerus and proximal femur have red marrow involved in hematopoiesis. Yellow bone marrow examination is mainly used to diagnose certain hematopoietic system diseases. Its indications are:

1. Various anemias of unknown origin: The nature of abnormal red blood cell production and the type of anemia cells can be understood by smear examination, such as megaloblastic anemia and aplastic anemia.

2. Suspected leukemia The diagnosis of leukocytosis is more meaningful. For example, in the early stage of the patient, there are only unexplained anemia and leukopenia, which is easily mistaken for acute aplastic anemia or agranulocytosis. At this time, bone marrow examination should be performed. If typical acute leukemia changes can be found, it will help in the differential diagnosis.

3. Agranulocytosis Distinguish between granulocyte maturation disorder and aplastic anemia or leukemia.

4. Various purpura diseases Differentiate thrombocytopenic purpura and non-platelet purpura bleeding disorders, and estimate the prognosis.

5. Diagnosis of diseases with abnormal cells in the bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, malignant reticulocytosis, Hodgkin's disease, macroglobulinemia, metaplastic carcinoma, etc.

6. Some unexplained lymph node enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly.

7. Long-term fever and cachexia for some unknown reasons.

8. Inspection of parasites, malaria, etc.

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