What are the risks and complications associated with bone marrow puncture/biopsy?

Pain: Local anaesthetic is used during the puncture to minimize pain. But it can still be painful when a needle is inserted into the bone marrow to extract marrow fluid or biopsy the bone marrow.

Bleeding: Puncture needles into the skin can cause bleeding, sometimes damaging blood vessels and taking longer to stop bleeding.

Anaesthetic allergy: nausea and decreased blood pressure may occur. Be sure to tell your doctor in advance if you are allergic to any medications.

In rare cases, infection at the puncture site may occur, or the needle may break in the bone.

When puncturing the sternum, it can cause pneumothorax (lung injury that causes the lungs to shrink) and damage the heart and large blood vessels.

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