Vascular access needle for hemodialysis

The establishment and maintenance of good vascular access for blood purification is the primary condition to ensure smooth blood purification and adequate dialysis. Vascular access is also the "lifeline" of long-term maintenance hemodialysis patients. According to the needs of patients and the way of blood purification, vascular access can be divided into emergency dialysis (temporary) vascular access and maintenance (permanent) vascular access. The former mainly uses central venous indwelling catheter or direct puncture of arteries and veins, while the latter uses arteriovenous fistula or long-term central venous indwelling catheter. The ideal vascular access should have sufficient blood flow during hemodialysis, convenient puncture, durable, and less complications. The design of vascular access should be based on the primary cause of renal failure, reversible degree, age, patient unit and hospital conditions to choose temporary vascular access or permanent vascular access. When simple acute renal failure or chronic renal failure worsens sharply and arteriovenous fistula is immature, temporary vascular access should be selected. Percutaneous femoral vein, subclavian vein or internal jugular vein can be used to establish vascular access. Permanent vascular access should be chosen for chronic renal failure. Arteriovenous fistula or vascular graft may be used. Long-term central venous indwelling can also be used when vascular conditions are poor. It should be noted that before patients with chronic renal failure enter dialysis, clinicians should properly protect the blood vessels of the forearms of both upper limbs and avoid repeated puncture, which is the most important step to ensure the long-term complications of vascular access.