Preparation for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle examination

1. Determine whether the patient meets the indications for EUS-FNA and whether there are contraindications.

2. Review all imaging examinations, such as CT, MRI, surface ultrasound and endoscopy.

3. Understand whether the patient has coagulopathy.

4. The purpose and risk of EUS-FNA examination were explained to the patients, and the informed consent was signed.

5. Start fasting at 8 PM the day before the test and check on an empty stomach.

6. Platelet count should be no less than 80×109/L and prothrombin time ratio (INR) < 1.5.

7. Some anticoagulants should be stopped before operation.

8. Pharyngeal anesthesia can be administered orally with lidocaine or dacronine mucin containing antifoaming agent, or with a separate mucolytic agent. To alleviate pain, midazolam 0.5-2mg can be injected during the examination, or combined with an opioid (pentidine/fentanyl) for sedation. If an anesthesiologist is present, general anesthesia may also be administered. Non-endotracheal anesthesia with intravenous propofol is often performed.

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