I have leukemia, why do I have to repeat bone marrow puncture during treatment

Through the bone puncture, you can see the changes in the morphology and composition of various components in the bone marrow and cells. So as to diagnose the specific cause. Bone puncture is not to prove leukemia. Osteopuncture is the most basic diagnostic method in hematology. It is also necessary. "Bone puncture" is to penetrate the bone marrow cavity with a puncture needle to extract a small amount of bone marrow for laboratory tests. Some patients mistakenly believe that the extraction of bone marrow fluid for bone marrow puncture will damage the body’s essence, damage and vitality, and are unwilling to perform the examination. In fact, the bone marrow fluid required for bone marrow examination is very small, generally about 0.1ml, while the total amount of normal human bone marrow fluid is about 2600ml. It can be seen that the bone marrow fluid drawn during bone marrow puncture examination is insignificant compared with the total amount of human body. What's more, there is continuous regeneration of a large number of cells in the body every day. In addition, patients often think that bone marrow aspiration is painful and fearful, but in fact it is unnecessary. "Bone puncture" does not have any danger, nor does it leave anything behind. Sequelae. Some diseases, especially some blood diseases, cannot be diagnosed without this examination. If the condition requires it, you should do it without hesitation. Even if the bone marrow does not have any disease, it is a big gain, because the elimination of blood diseases can not only It relieves the mental burden, as well as the pain and possible side effects of patients and their families receiving unnecessary treatment. 　　 Leukemia has undergone a lot of research, but the cause of leukemia has not yet been fully understood. It is currently believed to be related to the following factors: 　　1. Virus Factors: As early as the 1950s, it was discovered that a mouse leukemia virus can cause murine leukemia after infecting newborn suckling mice. Therefore, people have always suspected that human leukemia can also be caused by the virus, but no definite conclusions have been obtained for a long time. Until recently, major breakthroughs have been made in the etiology of human leukemia viruses. The role of RNA tumor viruses in causing leukemia in mice, cats, chickens, cattle and other animals has been confirmed, and most of the leukemias caused by these viruses are of the T cell type. In recent years. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), a type C retrovirus, was isolated from adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma patients. Anti-HTLV structural protein antibodies were also found in the serum of Japanese T-cell leukemia patients. But. At present, no clear relationship between this type of virus and childhood leukemia has been found. 　　2. Chemical factors: Some chemical substances have the effect of causing leukemia. The incidence of leukemia in people who are frequently exposed to benzene and its derivatives is higher than that of the general population. Such as diphenylanthracene and phenylpyrene Leukemia can be induced in mice. Nitrosamines, phenylbutazone and its derivatives, and chloramphenicol can also induce leukemia reports, but statistics are lacking. Some anti-tumor cytotoxic drugs such as nitrogen Mustard, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, VP16, VM26, etc. are all recognized as having the effect of causing leukemia. Leukemia caused by chemical substances is mostly acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Before leukemia appears, there is often a pre-leukemia stage. It is often manifested as a reduction in whole blood cells. 　　 3. Ionizing radiation: There is definite evidence that various ionizing radiation conditions can cause human leukemia. The occurrence of leukemia depends on the dose of radiation absorbed by the human body, and the entire body or part of the body is exposed to medium or large doses of radiation Leukemia can be induced afterwards. However, it is still uncertain whether small doses of radiation can cause leukemia. After the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, The incidence of leukemia in severely irradiated areas is 17-30 times that of non-irradiated areas. Three years after the explosion, the incidence of leukemia increased year by year, reaching a peak in 5 to 7 years. It was not until more than 20 years later that its incidence rate returned to a level close to that of the whole of Japan. This is the most direct evidence that radiation can cause human leukemia. For radiologists, the incidence of leukemia in people who are frequently exposed to radioactive substances is several times higher than that of normal people. Frequent radiological diagnosis and treatment can lead to an increase in the incidence of leukemia, which also proves that radiation does cause leukemia.　　4. Genetic factors: Recent studies have confirmed that abnormal numbers such as increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes, as well as structural abnormalities such as translocations, inversions, and deletions, make the structure and expression of genes abnormal. Gene expression or gene inactivation is one of the basis of cell malignancy. The incidence of leukemia in people with chromosomal aberrations is higher than that of normal people. For example, in children with trisomy 21, the incidence of leukemia is 1/74 within 10 years of age, the incidence of Bloom syndrome is 1/3 within 26 years of age, and Fanconi (congenital aplastic anemia) syndrome is 21 years old. The incidence rate is 1/12. Some people have analyzed the situation of several cases of leukemia in the same family, and believe that there may be genetic factors. When a member of the family develops leukemia, the probability of leukemia in close relatives is higher than that of ordinary people. 4 times higher. In some congenital hereditary diseases such as congenital stupidity, leukemia is also more likely to occur. Among identical twins, one has leukemia and the other has a 25% chance of developing leukemia. These examples all show that there may be genetic factors in the onset of leukemia. 5. Other blood diseases: some blood diseases may eventually be found as acute leukemia, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin Urine, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, etc.　　 In general, the onset of leukemia is the result of a complex multi-factorial effect. Genetic factors, viruses, radiation, and chemical substances may interact with each other and overlap to cause the occurrence of leukemia.

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