Hypodermic needle

The hypodermic needle (from the Greek ὑπο- (hypo- = under) and δέρμα (derma = skin)) is one of a class of medical tools that enter the skin, called a sharp instrument, which is a very thin hollow tube with A sharp tip. It is usually used with a syringe (a manual device with a plunger) to inject substances (such as saline solutions, solutions containing various drugs or liquid drugs) into the body or extract liquids from the body (such as ,blood). Large-caliber subcutaneous injection intervention is particularly useful for catastrophic blood loss or treatment of shock.

Hypodermic needles are used to deliver fluids quickly, or when the injected substance cannot be ingested, either because it will not be absorbed (such as insulin), or because it can harm the liver. It is also useful to deliver certain drugs that cannot be delivered orally due to vomiting. There are many possible injection routes, the most common being intramuscular (into the muscle) and intravenous (into the vein). Hypodermic syringes can retain fluid and blood for several years after the last use, so you should be extra careful each time you use a new syringe.

Hypodermic needles also play an important role in research environments that require sterile conditions. The hypodermic injection needle significantly reduces the contamination during the sterile substrate inoculation process. There are two reasons for hypodermic needles to reduce contamination: First, its surface is very smooth, which can prevent airborne pathogens from being trapped in irregularities on the needle surface, and then these pathogens will be transferred to the culture medium (such as agar) as contaminants. Secondly, the surface of the needle is very sharp, which significantly reduces the diameter of the remaining holes after piercing the membrane, thereby preventing microorganisms larger than this hole from contaminating the substrate.

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