How to identify the coordinates of CNC machine tools?

CNC machine tool work is a demanding career, in the workpiece processing production, if the coordinate setting has a small deviation, it will make the product scrapped, and may even bring safety accidents. Then how to determine the CNC machining coordinate system?

(1) CNC machining machine tool reference point: the reference point is also a fixed point on the machine tool, it is to use mechanical block or electrical device to limit the limit position of the tool carrier movement. Its main function is to give a position to the machine coordinate system.

(2) CNC machine tool coordinate system: the coordinate system on the CNC machine tool adopts the right hand Cartesian coordinate system. (3) Workpiece coordinate system: Workpiece coordinate system is the coordinate system set by programmers during programming, also known as the programming coordinate system.

Workpiece coordinate system origin: in numerical control programming, first of all, according to the shape characteristics and size of the processed parts, a point on the parts diagram is set as the origin of programming coordinates, which is called the origin of programming. Theoretically, the origin of the workpiece coordinate system can be selected at any point on the workpiece, but this may lead to cumbersome calculation problems and increase programming difficulties. In order to facilitate calculation and simplify programming, it is usually the origin of the workpiece coordinate system is selected in the center of rotation of the workpiece, the specific position can be considered set on the left end face (or right end face) of the workpiece, and try to make the programming datum coincide with the design datum and the positioning datum.

Tool alignment: the machine tool coordinate system is the only reference of the machine tool, so it is necessary to find out the position of the program origin in the machine tool coordinate system, through the tool alignment. The essence of the tool is to determine the origin of the workpiece coordinate system in the machine tool coordinate system unique position. Tool setting is the main operation and important skill in CNC machining. The accuracy of alignment determines the machining accuracy of parts. At the same time, the efficiency of alignment also directly affects the machining efficiency of CNC.

CNC machine tool feed movement, some driven by the spindle tool movement to achieve, some by the work table with the workpiece movement to achieve. Usually in programming, whether the machine tool in the processing is the tool movement, or is processed workpiece movement, are assumed to be processed workpiece relative static, and the tool in the movement, and the direction of the tool away from the workpiece as coordinates of the positive direction of Z axis and spindle axis coincidence, the direction of the tool away from the workpiece for the positive direction (+Z); X axis perpendicular to the Z axis, and parallel to the workpiece loading surface, if it is a single column milling machine, in the face of the tool spindle to the column direction, the right direction of movement is the positive direction of X axis (+X); The Y-axis can be determined by the right hand rule based on the selected X-axis and Z-axis.

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