After the epidural puncture needle breaks the ligamentum flavum, blood is drawn back, whether the puncture is declared a failure

Skin, supraspinal ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, spinal dura, subdural space. Arachnoid membrane. Subarachnoid space. Pre-infusion of liquid before anesthesia, if the blood pressure drops after anesthesia, a rapid infusion of 200-300ml, if the blood pressure has not yet risen. Ephedrine or other vasoactive drugs can be given to increase blood pressure. As for postoperative pain, it rarely occurs if it is not penetrated, and no special prevention is required. If it is penetrated, you should lie supine on the pillow and apply a large amount of caffeine. It is impossible to inject autologous blood into the epidural.

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