Why Is Titanium Promising?

Titanium alloys are alloys based on titanium with other elements added.

Titanium alloy has high strength and low density, good mechanical properties, good toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition, titanium alloy process performance is poor, cutting difficult, in hot processing, it is very easy to absorb impurities such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. There are poor wear resistance, complex production process. Industrial production of titanium began in 1948. The needs of the development of aviation industry make the titanium industry develop at an average annual growth rate of about 8%. At present, the annual output of titanium alloy processing materials in the world has reached more than 40,000 tons, nearly 30 kinds of titanium alloy. The most widely used titanium alloys are Ti-6AL-4V (TC4),Ti-5Al-2.5Sn(TA7) and industrial pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3). Titanium alloys are mainly used to make compressor parts for aircraft engines, followed by structural parts for rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. By the mid-1960s, titanium and its alloys had been used in general industry to make electrodes for electrolysis industry, condensers for power stations, heaters for oil refining and seawater desalination, and pollution control devices. Titanium and its alloys have become a kind of corrosion resistant structural materials. In addition, it is also used to produce hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys. China started research on titanium and titanium alloys in 1956; In the middle of 1960s, titanium material was industrialized and developed into TB2 alloy. Titanium alloy is a new important structural material used in aerospace industry. Its specific gravity, strength and service temperature are between aluminum and steel, but it has high specific strength and excellent seawater corrosion resistance and ultra-low temperature performance. In 1950, the F-84 fighter-bomber was first used as a rear fuselage heat shield, air hood, tail hood, and other non-bearing components. Since the 1960s, the use of titanium alloy has been moved from the rear fuselage to the middle fuselage, partially replacing structural steel to make important bearing components such as frame, beam and flap slide. The use of titanium alloy in military aircraft has increased rapidly, reaching 20% ~ 25% of the weight of the aircraft structure. Since the 1970s, civil aircraft began to use a large amount of titanium alloy, such as Boeing 747 aircraft with more than 3,640 kilograms of titanium. For aircraft with Mach numbers less than 2.5, titanium is used mainly instead of steel to reduce structural weight. For example, the American SR-71 high-altitude high-speed reconnaissance plane (Mach number 3, 26,212 meters), titanium accounted for 93% of the weight of the aircraft structure, known as "all titanium" aircraft. When the thrust-weight ratio of aero-engine increases from 4 ~ 6 to 8 ~ 10 and the compressor outlet temperature increases correspondingly from 200 ~ 300°C to 500 ~ 600°C, the low-pressure compressor discs and blades originally made of aluminum must be made of titanium alloy, or titanium alloy must be used instead of stainless steel to make high-pressure compressor discs and blades, so as to reduce the weight of the structure. In the 1970s, the amount of titanium alloy in the aero-engine generally accounted for 20% to 30% of the total weight of the structure, mainly used for the manufacture of compressor components, such as forged titanium fans, compressor discs and blades, cast titanium compressor casing, intermediary casing, bearing housing, etc. Spacecraft mainly use titanium alloy high specific strength, corrosion resistance and low temperature performance to manufacture a variety of pressure vessels, fuel tanks, fasteners, instrument straps, frames and rocket housing. Man-made earth satellite, lunar module, manned spacecraft and space shuttle also use titanium plate welding pieces.

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