The History Of Bone Marrow Biopsy Needles

Trepanning is one of the oldest surgical operations known to man (of 120 prehistoric craniums dating from 6500 BC, 430 showed signs of trepanning). A trephine (from the Latin trypan) or auger is a cylindrical surgical instrument of varying size and shape. Trepans are specially designed to obtain cylindrical fragments of bone for analysis, or to drill through the cranium. The Roman physician Celsus practised trepanation, and recommended it as a remedy for headache. One of the earliest paintings depicting a medical procedure shows the New England physician John Clarke trepanning a cranium. In the early years of the 20th century, the Italian physician Pianese made the first attempt to obtain a bone marrow sample for diagnosis by perforating the upper part of the epiphysis of the femur, obtaining a cylindrical specimen. The technique he used is very similar to that used today. Seyfarth, in 1922, developed a puncture needle for open biopsy of the sternum at a point between the 3rd and 4th ribs.

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