Classification Of Piercing Needles

Puncture of the brain or spinal cord

Used in diagnosis or treatment. There are the following:

Subdural puncture

Often used in infants and young children. When the anterior fontanelle is not closed or the coronal suture is enlarged, the subdural effusion of traumatic chronic subdural hematoma and suppurative meningitis is extracted with a lumbar needle through the lateral Angle of the anterior fontanelle or through the coronal suture, and appropriate antibiotics are injected.

Ventricle puncture

It can be divided into three types: anterior Angle puncture, lateral Angle puncture and posterior Angle puncture. A cranial cone was used to quickly drill through the skull 2 cm behind the anterior hairline and 2.5 cm beside the midline, and then a lumbar puncture needle or ventricular drainage tube was used to penetrate the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. When the brain pressure is too high, the patient is unconscious, the pupil is dilated, the respiratory surface is superficial, and the brain hernia is formed, rapid ventricular puncture is performed to release the ventricular fluid, and the brain hernia can be relieved immediately. The ventricle pressure can also be measured, or a drainage bottle can be attached for continuous ventricle drainage, and the ventricle liquefaction test can be taken, or methylene blue can be injected to understand the cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Air, oxygen and contrast agent can also be injected from the puncture needle to diagnose intracranial space occupying lesions and ventricular system obstruction. People who are allergic to iodine should avoid having a mammogram. Intraventricular fluid drainage, occasionally caused epidural and subdural hematoma.

Cerebrovascular puncture

The common carotid artery or vertebral artery can be punctured, and contrast agent is injected for cerebral angiography. The common carotid angiography can show the cerebral vessels in the hemispheres. Vertebral angiography may reveal subtentorial vessels.

Lumbar puncture

Puncture of the lumbar spinal cord subassociative space with lumbar puncture needle is an important clinical auxiliary examination method in neurology. It can be used to measure cerebral pressure, collect cerebral effusion for routine, biochemical and bacteriological examination, tumor cell and enzyme examination, and provide the basis for the diagnosis of intracranial inflammation, tumor, hemorrhage and white matter demyelination disease. However, when the cranial pressure is too high, the lumbar puncture should be careful, it is best not to put fluid, only use the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain pressure gauge rubber tube for testing, so as to avoid the occurrence of cerebral hernia. The contrast agent can also be injected into the subarachnoid space for descending or ascending imaging. Air (or oxygen) can also be injected into the subarachnoid space to flow directionally to the brain for endospinal lesion imaging, ventricle pneumoencephalography and cisternography.

Puncture the body cavity of the chest

Pleural cavity puncture

The puncture points were subscapular 7 ~ 9 intercostal or midaxillary line equivalent to 6 or 7 intercostal. Gas can be extracted to treat pneumothorax, or inflammatory exudate in the pleural cavity can be extracted, or drugs can be injected to treat pleurisy and relieve symptoms of respiratory distress. The liquid can be extracted for assay and bacterial culture.

Pericardial puncture

The pericardium was punctured outside the boundary of heart flap at the 5th and 6th intercostal of the left midclavicular line with a chest piercing needle. Draw out the inflammatory fluid to relieve the pressure on the heart. When changing the needle tube during operation, clamp the tube to avoid air entry. Antibiotics can also be injected into the pericardium for treatment.

Abdominal cavity and organ puncture

Abdominal cavity puncture

The umbilicus was 1 cm above the midpoint of the pubic line, and the abdominal cavity was punctured by l ~ 1.5 cm. It is used to diagnose ascites of unknown cause and release ascites to relieve dyspnea. Drugs can also be injected into the abdominal cavity.

Puncture of liver

Can be used for biopsy (see liver biopsy).

Puncture of kidney

The kidney was punctured at the lower margin of the 12th costal area, 6 ~ 6.5 cm beside the midline of the dorsal line, and the living tissue was taken for examination. For unclear primary glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma involving the kidney, renal tumor, renal sclerosis, etc. Patients with muscle withdrawal tendency, hypertension, perirenal abscess and renal tuberculosis should avoid puncture.

Puncture of bladder

The bladder is punctured above the midpoint of the pubis for patients with urinary retention due to prostatic hypertrophy and failed catheterization.

Puncture of the uterus

Puncture the uterus above the pubic bone and take out the amniotic fluid to measure the lecithin/nitrophospholipin ratio, which is helpful to judge the fetal lung maturity, whether there is hyaline membrane disease after birth, and predict the best time and the best way of pregnancy.